10 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
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- pyruvate dehydrogenase to acetyl coa to TCA
- lactate: RBC without mitochondria and muscles. Muscles release lactate to blood to go back to liver
- alanine: alanine carry nitrogen to liver, extract nitrogen to urea
- must enter mitochondria for gluconeogenesis and acetyl coa
- 1st step for gluconeogenesis in mito
- outer: just a pore
- once inside mito
- high ATP, slow TCA, high Acetyl- coa and activates pyruvate carboxylase, preferential shunt towards gluconeogenesis
- acetyl coa also inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase
- E1 adds thiamine PP to pyruvate and release CO2
- E3 keeps lipoic acid in proper form
Thiamine
- TPP active form, 2 phosphates from ATP
- thiamine deficient, cannot convert pyruvate to acetyl-coa, no ATP
FAD
- used in oxidative phosphorylation
NAD
- first 4 all used in pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes
Lipoic
- Ca activator in skeletal muscles when exercising
- whenever pyruvate not metabolized, build up in mito and shunted towards lactate
- fat converted to acetyl coa without going through pyruvate
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